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A number of cytokines and costimulatory molecules involved in immune activation have recently been identified including IL-12, a heterodimeric cytokine that supports the development of cell-mediated immunity, and B7-1, a costimulatory molecule involved in the activation of T lymphocytes. We explored the use of these immunomodulants as molecularly defined adjuvants in the function of recombinant anticancer vaccines using a murine model adenocarcinoma, CT26, transduced with a model Ag, beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). Although IL-12 given alone to mice bearing tumors established for 3 days did not have consistent antitumor activity, a profound therapeutic effect was observed when IL-12 administration was combined with a recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) encoding beta-gal called VJS6. On the basis of the reported synergistic effects of IL-12 and the costimulatory molecule B7-1 (CD80) in vitro, we immunized mice with a double recombinant vaccinia encoding both the model tumor Ag and the costimulatory molecule B7-1, designated B7-1 beta-gal rVV. The adjuvant administration of IL-12 after immunization with this virus significantly enhanced survival in tumor-bearing animals. T cell subset depletions demonstrated that the in vivo activity of IL-12 was largely independent of CD4+ T lymphocytes, whereas the in vivo activity of a B7-1 rVV required both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to elicit maximal therapeutic effect. To our knowledge, this is the first description of B7-1 and IL-12 cooperation in vivo and represents a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of recombinant anticancer vaccines.

Type

Journal article

Journal

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

Publication Date

05/1996

Volume

156

Pages

3357 - 3365

Addresses

Howard Hughes Medical Institute-National Institutes of Health Research Scholars Program, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Keywords

Spleen, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Animals, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Humans, Mice, Vaccinia virus, Colonic Neoplasms, Lung Neoplasms, Vaccines, Synthetic, Interleukin-12, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Antigens, Neoplasm, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Lymphocyte Depletion, Female, B7-1 Antigen